Science fiction Essay Example For Students

Sci-fi Essay need Holes, a story for sci-fi or is there truth behind their reality. These celestial inconsistencies are as yet a marvel to the best researchers on the planet and not yet recognized to really exist. During this examination I will be investigating the manner by which thoughts of Black Holes presence have created throughout the years. Moreover this examination will likewise investigate the manners by which a Black Hole can be recognized and assuming this is the case; what impacts they would have on us. irst, the topic of What is a Black Hole should be replied. In basic terms a Black Hole is a district of room that has so much mass gathered in it that it is extremely unlikely for a close by article to get away from its gravitational force. Dark Holes were once thought to be the beasts of the Universe, eating up everything around them in an excited inestimable dining experience. Dark Holes are districts of room where gravity is solid to the point that not light can evade, making them difficult to see. In any case, we can see the garbage that is being sucked in to these crumbled stars. Anything that moves toward a Black Hole is first destroyed by its huge gravitational power and afterward shapes a level pivoting plate that spirals into the gap. The name Black Hole was not created until 1967 yet thoughts around their reality have existed since the eighteenth century. The main thoughts were advanced in 1783 by Reverend John Michell where he discussed how light couldn't escape from a star of a similar mean thickness as the Sun yet multiple times greater. These first thoughts on Black Holes were based around hypotheses about Black Holes depended on thoughts regarding the idea of light. Before the finish of the seventeenth century it was realized that light gone through space at an extraordinary speed. At that point in 1965 Ole Romer made one of the main assessments at the speed of light subsequent to considering the way of one of Jupiters moons. At that point in the mid 1900s Albert Einstein joined the ideas of existence; first found by Isaac Newton, with thoughts of light itself. The outcome was that Einstein understood that existence must be dynamic elements that were themselves answerable for the power of gravity and this lead to his general hypothesis of relativity. Dark Holes anyway speak to an extraordinary where gravity rules thus reality become twisted to the point of being indistinguishable. The numerical hypothesis behind dark gaps (I will clarify this later) emerges from Einsteins general hypothesis of relativity, however the possibility of an article from which light can not get away from was initially thought of in the eighteenth century. At the point when these thoughts were expressed by Michell (these are discussed toward the start of the passage) it was commonly held that light comprised of particles that went in straight lines through space. This thought emerged from a translation of Newtons thoughts. The outcome of Newtons laws of movement and attraction had been read comprehensively for a century and after much experimentation were regarded as being very exact. Accordingly towards the finish of the eighteenth century these laws were being applied to all circumstances whether galactic or Earth bound. It was from this that Michell had the option to anticipate that definitely light particles would have similar powers of gravity following up on them as would you or I and consequently they were not barred from the laws of gravity. Thusly he anticipated that an item could exist that had such an extraordinary gravitational draw, that it would be more prominent than the speed of light thus nothing would have the option to get away from this article. The article was afterwards named a dark gap. As Black Holes have not be demonstrated their reality is just speculative thus we need to imagine them in our psyche In request to distinguish what is a Black Hole we need to think about this in handy terms. This should be possible by itemizing the accompanying situation. Assume that you are remaining on the outside of a planet. You hurl a stone straight into the air. .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .postImageUrl , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:hover , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:visited , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:active { border:0!important; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:active , .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29 b7 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3c4c36552e3f6a6c5bfd08dafa9c29b7:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Independent Study EssayAssuming you dont toss it excessively hard, it will ascend for some time, however in the end the increasing speed because of the planets gravity will make it begin to tumble down once more. On the off chance that you tossed the stone hard enough, however, you could make it get away from the planets gravity completely. It would continue rising until the end of time. The speed with which you have to toss the stone all together that it scarcely gets away from the planets gravity is known as the departure speed. As you would expect, the break speed relies upon the mass of the planet: on the o ff chance that the planet is amazingly enormous, at that point its gravity is extremely solid, and the getaway speed is high. A lighter planet would have a littler departure speed. The getaway speed likewise relies upon how far you are from the planets community: the closer you are, the higher the departure speed. Presently envision an article with such a huge centralization of mass in such a little sweep, that its departure speed was more noteworthy than the speed of light. At that point, since nothing can go quicker than light, nothing can get away from the articles gravitational field. Indeed, even a light emission would be pulled back by gravity and would be not able to get away.

Mcdonalds Green Marketing Strategy Essay Example

Mcdonalds Green Marketing Strategy Essay How McDonald’s Change Their Customer Perspective and Increase Their Sales with Green Marketing The green issue has turned into a worldwide issue since year 1990s, top in year 2000s. In business, it can drive individuals viewpoint to pick which brand was fortunate or unfortunate. McDonald’s most likely is one of the organization that understand this issue is significant for their business in this century. McDonald’s is the greatest cheap food chain on the planet with in excess of 32,000 outlets in 117 nations. The organization has utilized mutiple. 7 million individuals. A year ago, they’ve made 1. 2 bn out from 6. 1 bn. For a considerable length of time, numerous pundits faced McDonald’s about how awful they treat world condition and examining how far they care concerning individuals constitutions, particularly on weight. The most popular â€Å"attack† to this inexpensive food organization presumably was a narrative film that tells a people who eat Mcdonald’s dinners for a month would hurry his passing. McDonald’s likewise considered to have responbility of 28% waste bundle (littering) in UK. Open proposed the organization to more convince their clients not to do littering. And furthermore, open pundits McDonald’s cheerful feast which made early weight kid. We will compose a custom article test on Mcdonalds Green Marketing Strategy explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Mcdonalds Green Marketing Strategy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Mcdonalds Green Marketing Strategy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Those pundits had prevail to change individuals point of view, in year 2000, their pay declined with certain outlets shut as their new record. Begun in 2000s, McDonald’s is retaliating, enormously and unobtrusively counter the pundits with green advertising. It isn't just to build the organization deals, yet progressively essential to change the manner in which clients consider McDonald’s, their point of view. Yet, how they do it? McDonald’s isn't maintainable organization from the earliest starting point, they has center DNA to make flavorful food, greasy nourishments, and sweet food sources. They should be mindful so as to make a move, the green system not just need to change clients ready to purchase, yet additionally it could lessen cost and create progressively important benefit. McDonald’s is meaning to explode their green with five standards, there are sustenance and prosperity, maintainable gracefully chain, natural responbility, worker experience, and network. They began to make another logo â€switching their conventional red foundation with the dark green one-to advance an eco-more amicable picture. McDonald’s has done a great deal of things so as to demonstrate their natural responbility to their clients, particularly by decrease the vitality they utilized. In Germany, at less 100 McDonald’s eatery would utilize the green logo before the finish of year 2009. And furthermore, some eatery in Great Britain and France would as well. They began to utilize eco-accommodating bundle †80 percent of their bundle was made of inexhaustible assets . They change white napkins with plain earthy colored, which spares 1. 3 million dollars annualy, while decreasing vitality, woods and water use. In France, a few cafés has made an advancement to utilize eco-accommodating sofware that can diminish power utilization by 11%. In Sweden, they use CO2 locator in their cafés to alter ventilation, which is lessen the utilization of power by 15% anually. Different enemy of littering effort is spread to numerous nations, for example, Portugal, UK, France, Switzerland, Australia, and others nations. From their menu, they change a piece for the sake of their client wellbeing, they lessen French fries size, adding natural products to its food, bring progressively more beneficial plate of mixed greens, less sugar beverages and nourishments, even low fat food sources. Besides, in Germany, there are a few cafés that give no burgers and sells serving of mixed greens at only 7 euros, they can pick 5 conventional plates of mixed greens and blend it. Another weapons is sells espresso â€sustainbly developed espresso and natural milk-with brand McCafe, while they offering low-calorie nourishments in different sides. This system was made a noteworthy development, in Germany there are as of now 1386 reaturants with 737 coordinated McCafe inside, supported by a worlwide incomes of 23. 5 billions dollars. They likewise made a commitment to the neighborhood networks, all gracefully of every café is given by the nearby ranchers in that city, with the exception of their worldwide support drinks, Coca-Cola. They additionally demonstrate that they care about lady livings, 28. 1% of overall top administration (VP and Ups) are ladies, while half Company Owned Restaurant Managers are ladies as well. The to wrap things up, in excess of 30 nations perceives McDonald’s as incredible work environment. All of green things above was effectively conveyed to clients by different medias, it demonstrated by the expanding development 13% deals in year 2011 from year 2008. And furthermore, the unbelievable Big Mac deals rose 10 percent a year ago, helping stay with the stock cost to about $100 an offer. In the other hand, the promoting spending plan has been assessed to surpass $2 billion. It shows that McDonald’s has effectively returned to winning by counter pundits with the privilege vital green showcasing. They do the methodology without change the â€Å"fastfood† picture, however they do with indicating their will and commitment to nature. At last, it can change human viewpoint and ready to purchase with the expanding deals as the achievement parameter. Sources Birkner, Christine. 2012. McDonald’s Scores Itself on Sustainability: Will Consumers Be ‘Lovin’ It’?. http://www. marketingpower. com/ResourceLibrary/Documents/bulletins/mne/2012/1/mne_mcdonalds_sustainability. pdf. September third 2012. O Brien, Keith. 2012. How McDonald’s Came Back Bigger Than Ever. http://www. nytimes. com/2012/05/06/magazine/how-mcdonalds-returned greater than at any other time. html? _r=1pagewanted=allpagewanted=all. September third 2012 Environmental Leader. 2012. McDonald’s Counters Criticism With Green Marketing Effort. http://www. environmentalleader. com/2009/05/19/mcdonalds-presents green-rehearses/. September third 2012. Salisbury, Peter. 2011. Behind the Brand: McDonald’s. http://www. theecologist. organization/green_green_living/behind_the_label/941743/behind_the_brand_mcdonalds. html. September third 2012 Laura, Nerdy. 2011. McDonald’s becoming environmentally viable †I’m lovin’ it. †¦?. http://businessnerds. wordpress. com/2011/05/29/mcdonald%E2%80%99s-practicing environmental safety %E2%80%93-i%E2%80%99m-lovin%E2%80%99-it/. September third 2012.

Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior

Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Addiction Alcohol Use Print Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Brain Protein Regulates Alcohol-Seeking Behavior and Sensitivity By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Researchers have linked a protein found in the brain to both alcohol-seeking behavior and the sensitivity to the effects of alcohol intoxication. Researchers at the University of Washington report the first direct evidence in mice that protein kinase A (PKA) signaling regulates both alcohol-seeking behavior and sensitivity to some of the effects of alcohol intoxication, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Altered Response Given a choice between plain water and solutions containing alcohol, mice missing the RIIB subunit of PKA preferred the alcohol solution at its highest strengths. In addition, the gene knockout mice were less sensitive than those with normal PKA to alcohol’s sedative effects. A protein involved in intracellular communication, PKA is present throughout the brain. PKA phosphorylates numerous intracellular proteins and regulates gene expression, thereby altering the electrical properties of the cell and, potentially, cell function and communication between neurons. Mice missing RIIB, one of six genes that encode PKA, experience alterations in PKA activity, a condition the researchers believe alters their response to the pharmacologic properties of alcohol. Regulating Alcohol Consumption Earlier research in both laboratory cultures and animals indicated that alcohol consumption influences PKA function, said Enoch Gordis, M.D., Director of NIAAA, which provided primary support for the study. What is new about this work is the reverse â€" that, at least in the animal model, PKA can regulate alcohol consumption and some aspects of alcohol response. Todd Thiele, Ph.D., Department of Psychology and the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, and his colleagues examined drinking behavior in 12 normal mice and 12 knockout mice with a mutation in the RIIb subunit of PKA. Whereas no differences were found between the two groups in taste preference for sweet or bitter solutions, mice with the PKA mutation drank nearly twice as much 20-percent alcohol solution as normal mice. Sedative Effects The researchers also measured the time needed for intoxicated mice to regain the righting reflex. They injected both groups of mice with alcohol and then placed them on their backs in plastic U-shaped troughs. Knockout mice recovered much faster from the sedative effects of alcohol, regaining their footing after 65 minutes compared with 90 minutes for the normal mice. It is likely that the mice with the RIIB mutation drink more ethanol because PKA activity is disrupted in brain regions involved in mediating ethanol reward, said Dr. Thiele. It is now important to determine in which brain regions the RIIB subunit produces these effects.

Essay on There Is a Fine Line Between Reality and Illusion

‘There is a fine line between reality and illusion’ How can we distinguish between reality and illusion? Is reality an illusion, or is an illusion simply reality? Albert Einstein once stated that ‘reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one’. The statement suggests that what we interpret to be real may well be an illusion and this is evidenced mainly through dreams and aspirations. For example if someone has dreamt of one day being a doctor their reality, which is described as the state of things that actually exist, shifts or changes in order for that idea to become real. Reality is tangible while illusion is a faculty or activity of imagination. What may be reality for one person may be an illusion for another and this†¦show more content†¦Blanche DuBois from ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ has a similar reaction to her reality. Her reality is that she has lost the love of her life to suicide, no longer remains a teacher and does not own any assets as she has lost the property known as B elle Reve. In order to endure her life Blanche rejects her reality and manipulates it with lies, makeup and lighting in order to hide from the truth. ‘I don’t want realism I want magic’, Blanche desires for a life of pure happiness and excitement, however her imagination is indistinguishable from her reality and the series of lies and dimmed lights soon begin to fade as she is met with Stanley Kowalski. Stanley Kowalski, a brutish and arrogant realist finds it difficult to understand Blanche’s reality. Unlike Blanche, Stanley needs reassurance that what he knows is perfectly real and reliable. In the play the two characters continuously disagree with each other and eventually Stanley’s animalistic behavior threatens Blanche’s safety. Blanche and Stanley are a great example of how one individual’s reality is different to another’s, these conflicting ideas and perceptions of life occur often between people and have been proven t o cause disagreement. People around us have great influence of how we perceive things although there are other major influences that contribute to our perceptions for instance the media. The media has brought forward many deceiving images of models and famous Hollywood stars. These images ofShow MoreRelatedOPTICAL ILLUSIONS: The Art of Deception of Perception Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is an optical illusion? For most of us, the term brings to mind images of a unique arrangement of vibrant contrasting colors, and geometric shapes that deceive the eye, and violates our expectations in a myriad of ways â€Å"about representation, about shape, about color, and so forth†(Sekel). Figure 1 is one common example of this definition. In this image the circles appear to be expanding when in fact the image is static. Another example of an optical illusion would be ClaudeRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry Analysis Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesArt is the illusion in which we see the truth- Pablo Picasso Langston Hughes clearly connects with a wide range of audiences through the simplicity that surrounds his poetry. The beauty of this manner in which he wrote his poetry, is that it grasp people by illustrating his narratives of the common lifestyles experienced by the current American generation. His art form expresses certain questionable ideologies of life and exposes to the audience what it takes to fully comprehend what being anRead MoreMiss Brill Illusion Vs Reality1537 Words   |  7 Pages The mind creates a world of illusion, by changing our thoughts; we change the illusion, and experience a different reality. If we say that a real thing is something that always exists, with no gaps, then the outside world is not real. Katherine Mansfield captures the theme of illusion vs. reality in her short story â€Å"Miss Brill† the main character Miss Brill is fascinated with the surprise of having an almond in her honey cake. The almond symbolizes how Miss Brill sees herself in society as theRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby1605 Words   |  7 Pagestruth. To the majority of the society, the reality is an illusion that they create in their minds. The characters, events, setting, symbols and imagery contribute to establishing this theme. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Myrtle Wilson, a woman of ludicrous ostentation, yearns to escape her class to enter the higher ranks. She believes a marriage to Tom Buchanan will relieve her of this lower status. Myrtle is obsessed by appearances and unaware of realities, as is shown in her excessive concern ofRead MoreWhat Is Art?. R. James Essay724 Words   |  3 Pagesart? 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People are overlooking the underlying issues conveyed through the characters becauseRead MoreWillys Tragic Flaw and the Effect it Has Upon his Sons in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1510 Words   |  7 Pagesof the play, Willy Loman, will follow a tragic trajectory that will eventually lead to his suicide. Arthur Millers tragic play is an accurate portrayal of the typical American myth that sustains an extreme craving for success and a belief in the illusion of the American dream, a dream attainable only by a handful of people. Having chosen a career in sales Willy Loman constantly aspires to become great . Nevertheless, Willy is a poor aging salesman that considers himself to be a failure when comparingRead MoreCosi by Louis Nowra - Text Analysis Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pagestransformation, the significance of art and music in life, and the therapeutic nature of theatre. The predominant theme which runs through ‘Cosi’ is one of love and fidelity, and the opera ‘Cosi Fan Tutte’ parallels these ideas by following a similar story line, particularly in the way Guglielmo and Ferrando’s acts of deception in ‘Cosi Fan Tutte’ are somewhat connected to Nick and Lucy’s betrayal of Lewis in ‘Cosi’. It is a clear example of life imitating art as the drama in the opera matches Lewis’ challengesRead MoreBiography of Agustin Recha Mora655 Words   |  3 Pagesin 1967 and he is teaching as a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts of Bilbao since 1979. Recha Mora has been into a lot of contests and he has won many awards. Most of his work was for a reason, which is to show the importance of the loss. In this report, I will be analyzing the form, content and context of one of his works which is called Street towards Plaza Ercilla Moyà ºa and showing the intentions of Recha Mora. To begin with the line, we can see that the artist used one point perspective inRead MoreMacbeth Appearance Vs Reality1747 Words   |  7 Pagesattempt to be someone he is not, his reality will eventually show up at last. This is precisely what occurs in William Shakespeare s play, Macbeth. Via Macbeth, William Shakespeare exploits the idea that individuals are two faced. Most people inhibit false traits, in order to get one step closer to their ultimate goal. Shakespeare expresses this idea very well by revolving his play around the central theme of appearance v.s. reality. The subject of appearance v.s. reality is vital to the Shakespearean

Misconceptions about Human Behavior in To Kill a...

How do we define normal human behavior? In order to determine the answer we must first determine what behavior really is, the conclusion is easy enough to reach: Human behavior derives from reactions to internal or external stimuli (Salvador); these reactions bring about emotions that dictate a particular response or behavior. These become part of a person’s personality, which defines their behavior, due to this, a person’s behavior is able to adapt to the stimuli with their environment and thus the definition of â€Å"normal behavior† is in a state of constant flux. What remains to be determined is when does a person’s behavior go beyond the accepted norms of society and begin to reflect a mental illness. Though it is a work of fiction, this†¦show more content†¦However the reason for bringing her into this essay is simple, she shows a clear picture of current medicinal practices working to benefit the patient, while One Flew Over The Cuckoo†™s Nest was written in the early 1960’s it has relevant points to misdiagnoses that cannot be ignored. These points refer not only to the interjected opinion of doctors based on either bias or personal experiences, but malpractice and the use of out dated treatments. Oliver Sacks writes about his personal experience with Temple Grandin. Grandin was able to gain a relatively good amount of control over her autism though she still suffered from certain developmental traits or a lack of adjustment to social customs. Although Temple was diagnosed at the age of three with autism she is an accomplished woman, Sacks writes â€Å"she had moved from this almost unintelligible childhood†¦to the successful biologist and engineer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sacks 255). Despite this, there was a lack of adjustment in the sense that she did not fully comprehend the necessity of proper greetings or human contact. Sacks describes his first encounter with Temple and how she failed to notice or tak e into consideration his long travel and need for refreshments. While he tried to wait patiently for an offer, there was none, and after an hour of waiting, he asked Temple for coffee. He says there was no apology, â€Å"no socialShow MoreRelatedHarper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1331 Words   |  6 Pages Some things in life are not actually what they seem. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, certain characters are judged by their external appearance rather than who they really are on the inside. The novel displays that an impeded point of view can cause an individual to perceive things completely different than they what actually are. Throughout the novel, the main character, Scout, has many illusions which ultimately prove to be false. During Scout’s maturation process, she learnsRead MoreSocial Inequality : Bullying, Racism, And Appearance Inequality1541 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands that orbit this world like moons around a planet. There have been a manif old of efforts in order to raise awareness about these problems. Social inequality can never be erased from people s lives like marker on a whiteboard, but such efforts including newspapers, songs, movies, books, and many more can be used as proactive tools to inform today s people about the kinds of persecutions that exist in this world. We may not be able to stop it, but we can slow it down. One of the mostRead MoreDiscrimination and Prejudice in United States History2772 Words   |  12 Pagespassed in the southern states after the Civil War since African-Americans were no longer detained against their will as slaves. (Osborne 3) In the same period, Harper Lee wrote the novel TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. She saw the need to illustrate the discrimination of the 1930‘s, letting the world know of the racist behavior in the southern town of Maycomb. Throughout the novel, the reader sees the narrow-mindedness of the towns citizens. One of two residents of Maycomb committed to racial equality is named

Women’s Roles in Leadership Positions Free Essays

The Dynamics of Women’s Roles in Leadership Delora Murphy Wingate University Abstract The roles of women have been evolving for the last 100 years. Many women have shattered the stereotype that a women’s role is to be in charge of the family and have become leaders in a walks of life. Women have proved that they can be effective as business and government leaders. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Roles in Leadership Positions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although there are still gender biases that can exist, it is much move covert then it was 40 years ago. Oddly enough, some of the characteristics that have been viewed as the most necessary for leadership in roles of men, those same traits were viewed as negative characteristics of women in leadership roles. The role of the women has been evolving for many decades. In times, way before my own, a woman’s role was to be the caregiver for her family. Although women, many have sought out an education, their main lifetime focus to be to support her husband and raise her children. Many women still choose this role today, but the point is that now they are allowed to choose a specific pathway in life rather than being forced to carry out established roles. This change of women’s roles has been occurring in the United States for the last hundred years. Although this may seem like a long period of time, it is not. When roles are changed or reversed, this does not necessarily mean that everyone instantly converts to the new ideas and philosophies demonstrated by a group. Often times, there is a great deal of protest both within the changing group as well as those outside of the group. Despite the evolved roles of women in society, women still face many challenges in leadership positions. There are qualities that women possess that seem to help them rise to the top echelon of leadership positions, but there are still biases that exist that may inhibit women from reaching their goals. Women won the right to vote in the 1920’s; however, it wasn’t until the 1960’s that the â€Å"Women’s Movement† began. Granted women’s roles had been changing for 40 years prior to the Women’s Movement, it was clear that this was not a natural evolution. Many people, both men and women, challenged the idea of a woman as an independent, productive citizen. Many women were ready to be seen and valued differently, but just because a group wants to be seen differently, does not mean that that is going to happen. This is usually the pivotal moment for most movements in History. A group seeks changes that others are adverse to seeing happen. The women’s movement called for fundamental changes in the roles of women. No longer did women want to be seen as the caregiver of the home, they wanted to be seen as independent people who could make important decisions and choose their educational and professional pathways. Today, in the United States of America, women are on a more equal footing with men in most cases: often by necessity, where women cannot complete in the workplace for jobs that were one traditionally held my men, also in light of two –parent working households. Although most career and professional opportunities are open to women in this country, there are still major discrepancies in the leadership positions that women hold. Among the US population 25 and above, 34 percent of women have obtained a Bachelor’s degree compared with 30 percent of men. Of Graduate degree’s held, women dominate that group with 39 percent of Graduate Degrees being held by men. Versus 21% percent, which are held by men. It would be appropriate after viewing these statistics, that one could assume that women hold the same, if not more, of the top leadership positions in business and politics, but this, in fact, is not the case. Forbes Magazine (2011) created and published a study with an emphasis breakdown on women’s roles in top leadership positions. Only 6 percent of Fortune 100 CEO’s are women †¢ Only 8 percent of technology startup companies are lead by women †¢ Only 9 percent of contributors on Wikipedia are women †¢ Women account for only a tenth of the voting power on the words’ key interest rates †¢ Only 13 percent of the top 100 billionaires worldwide are women †¢ Only 15 percent of senior industry management positions belong to women. †¢ Less than 18 percent of Congressional seats are held by women. Clearly, this poses a question about why women are still not sharing equal roles with men in the top leadership positions in this country. There are many different reasons for these statistics. One reason for this â€Å"leadership gap† is that women just don’t ask. This idea is explored by Babcock and Laschever (2007) in the book Women Don’t Ask by Babcock and Laschever. When Babcock questioned many graduate male students were teaching their own course while women were taking on the roles of assistants, her dean stated, † More men ask. The women just don’t ask. † It turns out, that women are just more likely than men to ask for promotions or raises. This may be due to the facts that some women aren’t aware they should be asking and other women are fearful or damaging relationships. One interesting point to note is that a leadership characteristic that is identified differently in men and women is aggression. Many people positively define aggression as a positive leadership trait in men, but that exact same trait is viewed as negative in a women. Therefore, a women many sense that being aggressive may cause more harm than good when trying to obtain a high level position. Research published by Northhouse in his book Leadership, has also shown that women are more likely to take a passive role in obtaining leadership positions. They are more reluctant to be assertive in asking for positions, and try to obtain those roles through relationships and opportunity. (p. 357) In essence, it is a â€Å"double edged sword for a woman†. There is also no question that gender stereotypes still exist. Oddly enough, these stereotypes may produce more harm in the 21st century because they are more covert and hard to recognize. The show, Mad Men, shows how women were treated in the workplace. The sexual harassment and belittlement of women was obvious and apparent. Women were expected to fill certain roles in the workplace and men had no issues openly expressing their ideas on women’s roles. Now, there is to be no such divide between genders. In fact, gender discrimination is breaking the law, so no longer can discrimination exist in any work place. However, this does not mean that these biases and feelings don’t exist. On the contrary, there may be many people who feel like women are not capable of performing certain tasks, but because gender discrimination is illegal, these ideas are not openly shared, but that certainly doesn’t mean that they don’t exist. Despite these things, many women have found success in the political and work setting. Interestingly, Dominance, aggression and assertiveness are not viewed as positive traits in women leaders, but these are the traits most people would identify with the top echelon leaders of the world, both politically and financially. So, what are some of the attributes that are seen in successful women? Five characteristics that most successful women share are: determination, resourcefulness, ambition, confidence, and the ability to create a maintain relationships. A successful woman is determined to have it all and make things work. At www. Successful Women. com, a guest writer describes the attributes of successful women†¦ determination, resourcefulness, engagement, ambition and confidence. Determination means having a strategic plan to accomplish a goal and now allowing anything or anyone to get in the way of that goal. True leaders know their best resource is in the hearts and minds of the people they are leading. There’s not much more that causes distrust then a leader who claims to know everything about everything. A good leader must be able to be resourceful and find answers and solutions quickly. There is no question that ambition plays a large role in the making of a successful female leader. Women without ambition rarely achieve greatness. Queen Elizabeth I gave up the chance at a family (and had her own sister imprisoned) in order to rule England. Susan B. Anthony and many other suffragettes risked being ostracized and thrown in jail in order to spread the message of women’s equality. Throughout history, the most successful women have been willing to take control of their own lives and do whatever was necessary to reach their goals. Probably the most important character trait of a female leader is confidence. Of course, it is imperative for someone to have the skills, but most people will argue that confidence is the key to becoming a successful leader. Imagine trying to get a group to follow someone who lacks self-confidence and shows fear for a task. A leader with confidence acts with decisiveness and passion, which cause subordinates to feel like they can count on their leader. Another key trait is the ability to create and maintain appropriate professional relationships. Women must show enough empathy so that their subordinates feel supported, but not too much emotion as to get over involved with ones co workers, colleagues or subordinates. This is the â€Å"make it or break it† trait for many female leaders. People seem to be more conscious of the relationship that a women has with her subordinates. If a woman is seen as too empathetic, these may be seen as a weakness. If a women seems void of emotion, people may not feel comfortable or like they are able to â€Å"fit in†. Women’s roles have been evolving for over 100 years. The road has been paved for a woman to make decisions about the course she chooses to live her life. The roadblocks for women have been moved out of the way. Regardless of gender biases that may still exist, a woman can be whatever she chooses to be. This does not meet that the leadership role is easy. For men and women alike, begin an effective leader is challenging ad requires special and specific characteristics to be effective. References Deborah Morrehead (2007). 9 Qualities of Smart, Successful Women. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. debramoorhead. com/blog/index. php/9-qualities-of-smart-successful-women/. Last Accessed 15 October 2012]. Denise Trauth (2002). The Changing Roles of Women. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. txstate. edu/news/news_releases/news_archive/2002/10/roleofwomen102102. html. [Last Accessed 8 October 2011]. Guest (2010). Five Characteristics of Successful Women. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. asuccessfulwoman. com/aswblog/five-characteristics-succe ssful-women. [Last Accessed October 15 2012]. Katherine W Hawkins, (1995). Effects of Gender Communication Content on Leadership Emergence in Small Task-Oriented Groups. Small Group Research. 26 (2), pp. 234-239 Leslie Bradshaw (2011). Why Women Having A Seat at the Table is not Enough. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. forbes. com/sites/lesliebradshaw/2011/08/04/why-women-having-a-seat-at-the-table-is-not-enough/. [Last Accessed 15 October 2012]. Linda Babcock and Sara Laschever, (2007). Women Don’t Ask: The High Cost of Avoiding Negotiation and Positive Strategies. 1st ed. New York: Bantam. Jossey Bass Publishers, (2007). Educational Leadership. 2nd ed. San Fransisco, California: Jossey Bass. Peter G Northhouse, (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. 6th ed. Los Angeles: california: Houghton Mifflin. How to cite Women’s Roles in Leadership Positions, Essay examples

Women, Development and Disabilities

Introduction In the recent past, education for women and girls has improved remarkably with attempts of achieving equality and giving women their rights being on the increase. However, women and girls continue to face problems in different parts of the world regarding their rights, gender equality and discrimination on the basis of their gender.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women, Development and Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their ability to make decisions and be heard in society continues to decline because of male dominance in the society. In addition, women face economic constraints resulting from unfair inequality. Women with disabilities face more challenges because they are looked at as people who cannot have a positive contribution towards development. This is a wrong perception since denying women equal opportunities with men makes it difficult for poverty reduction strategies to succe ed and hampers efforts of social and economic development. As a result of this unfortunate situation that women find themselves in, many NGOs and advocacy groups have come to fight for women and ensure that they are not discriminated against and that their positive contribution towards development is not interfered with. One such NGO which has been active in ensuring that women get their rights and especially the ones living with disabilities is Women’s Rights in Development (AWID), which is based in Canada . AWID’s Role in Fighting for Women AWID is an international feminist NGO whose focus is to deal with issues of gender equality, ensure that women with disabilities get their rights and work towards sustainable development. Its members include activists, policy makers, practitioners in development, and business people among others. The mission of the organization is to enhance the voice of women in society and influence other organizations that advocate for women ri ghts. AWID believes that women are indispensable in dealing with the problems that the world faces. Their contribution can only be significant if poverty is eradicated and the challenges they face are addressed effectively.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ultimate goal of the organization is to ensure that women achieve their human rights and enjoy life like other members of the society. To achieve its goals, the organization focuses on certain issues that have been described as affecting women to a great extent. Abuse against Women The first issue affecting women that AWID deals with is abuse against women. One might think that after women come out of the infant stage they are not exposed to serious problems and that their lives start running smoothly. However, they are still faced with the risk of physical abuse after infancy. In virtually all societies, women are susceptible to p hysical abuse. The consequences are usually severe for women who live in societies that do not value the rights of women .The girls are exposed to greater risks because mothers who are denied their rights do not have the capacity to protect their daughters against abuse perpetrated by the male and other people in authority. Rape cases and abuse against women has been on the increase especially in developing countries. For example, in a country like Ethiopia, research has shown that 45 % of women have gone through physical abuse at some point in their lives. In 1998, cases of women being abused by their intimate partners were on the increase in Palestine (Worldbank, 2011). Physical abuse against women is a retrogressive act that stalls development since it prevents women from contributing positively towards development. In certain societies, rape cases and physical abuse are associated with additional stigma that leaves the victims psychologically and physically traumatized. Some cul tures are characterized by stringent sexual restrictions that define women and are not allowed to make choices regarding who should marry them. In addition, they are supposed to tolerate abusive relationships because walking out of the relationships is considered a shameful act to the society that attracts punitive measures. Extreme cases have been recorded where honor killings are committed as a way of repairing the damaged reputation caused by defiant women.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women, Development and Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More AWID is committed towards ensuring that physical abuse against women is eliminated since this a vice that hinders development. The NGO constantly educates women on their rights and tries to intervene in the societies that think that women have no right to make their choices in life (Worldbank, 2011). Infanticide and Sex-Selective Abortion The second issue r elated to women that AWID tries to address is infanticide and sex-selective abortion. Extreme cases have been recorded where women make the choices of terminating the lives of their baby girls. In some of the most impoverished regions of the world, baby girls are considered to be liabilities. Their mothers decide to end their lives because allowing them to live means exposing them to the suffering they go through themselves. For example, a country like India records a high number of sex-selective abortions as compared to cases of female infanticide. The one-child policy adopted by the government has been associated with the weakening track of the country. Another country that has been experiencing such problems is china where the population control programs of the country have led to killings and neglect of girls. The government has been quoted saying that the declining number of women in the population for the last 20 years can be attributed to sex-selective abortion. This is an is sue that affects development because neglect and elimination of girls from the population implies that people who can contribute positively towards development are eliminated. What such countries should understand is that women can even offer a contribution towards development that cannot be offered by men. AWID has been working hard to ensure that sex-selective abortion does not take place because women have the capacity to influence development positively (ADB, 2011). Forced Labor Another issue that AWID deals with is the problem of forced labor that affects women especially young girls. As women grow up, they have the option of attending school but most of them are driven into forced labor when they are supposed to be in school. According to UNICEF reports, the number of girls who miss out school every year is 10 million times more than that of boys.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While boys continue pursuing their dreams through education, girls are forced to join other women in performing housework. In most developing countries, the housework that women are exposed to comprises of hard physical labor. Some are forced to work from morning till evening without taking breaks. Others are exposed to many risks as they walk for long distances to fetch water and collect firewood. Since most of the societies where women are exposed to forced labor live in poverty, the women do not have appliances to assist them when doing their work. Forcing women into labor instead of allowing them to get education makes it difficult for them to contribute towards development and this is one issue that AWID is committed to fully address and give women a chance to pursue education (ADB, 2011). Women Education Giving women education has been described as one of the ways through which the discrimination against women can be eliminated and give women a chance to contribute positively towards development. When women get educated, they increase the chances of eliminating the bias that is directed towards them by men and other people in authority. Women education starts by eliminating poverty which is a major factor that contributes towards discrimination of women. The basic skills in literacy enable women to get employment opportunities and become self reliant. Research has shown that the possibility of uneducated women living in poverty is twice as much when compared to that of women who are educated. When women stay in school for a longer period of time, they increase their chances of securing good employment and advancing their education. This enables them to avoid the impacts associated with poverty and lack of education. Women who have gone through school usually get married at a later age hence they have the capacity to bring up healthy children and educate them. They also have the knowledge to take care of their children in terms of nutrition and health ser vices. AWID is committed towards ensuring that women get education since educated women have a positive contribution towards development. When they raise healthy families, this implies that resources that would have been directed towards medical expenses are used in developmental projects. AWID emphasizes the fact that educating women is a way of initiating change in the society. Women who go to school and get good jobs raise their statuses in the society. As a result, they can use their status to influence other societal members and initiate development. When women education becomes a cultural norm in many societies, women have the power to defend themselves. Acts like sexual and physical abuse against women can only be fought by women who have the power to speak about their problems fearlessly. Educated women are less likely to suffer from physical abuse and cultural practices like female genital mutilation. In addition, they are able to protect their female children from going th rough the same challenges. Women education is therefore an issue that AWID has been advocating for since education gives women power and the ability to increase their contribution towards development. Evaluating the Work in the Context of Course Readings Most of the issues that AWID deals with can be interpreted in the context of the course readings. To begin with, AWID focuses on eliminating poverty by ensuring that women get education. Lack of education is one of the factors that force women to live in poverty. AWID is also committed towards ensuring that women get their rights since denying them their rights hinders development. These goals of AWID resonate with the goals of the United Nations enable which is focused on ensuring that women get their rights. The United Nations enable pays close attention to women living with disabilities because they are at a high risk of being marginalized. Poverty contributes towards disabilities among women in various ways. For example, women w ho are malnourished and living in dangerous conditions may suffer from various disabilities . According to United Nations enable, women have an important role to play in the achievement of millennium development goals. However, for them to achieve their full potential they must be given the opportunity to acquire education, be free from gender discrimination and access to their rights. This makes them important people when it comes to their participation in development. The issues that are addressed by AWID are all geared towards giving women education, reducing gender discrimination, eliminating violence against women and ensuring that women with disabilities are recognized and given the assistance they need (Chin, 2007). Handling Issues of Race, Gender and Class AWID uses different strategies to handle the issues affecting women. The NGO is aware of the fact women empowerment plays an important role towards women liberation. Some of the ways the NGO uses to empower disabled women include starting organizations that assist women achieve financial stability. These organizations train disabled women in various technical jobs that provide them with self sustenance means. Another way through which the organization empowers women is by educating them on their rights. When women have knowledge of their rights, this gives them the power to fight for what they deserve in society. AWID also ensures that women with disabilities receive education since education is important in development. Apart from working on empowering women, AWID also has the responsibility of handling issues of race, class and gender. Gender discrimination is one of the problems affecting women and development. In most countries, discrimination is based on factors such as class and race. AWID deals with issues of gender discrimination by conducting educational forums that are aimed at eliminating racial and class biases. This is made possible when women are given chances to prove their ability by being elected as representatives of various movements. This proves that they are able hence they cannot be discriminated on the basis of gender, class or race (Chin, 2007). AWID’s Vision for the Future AWID is very optimistic regarding the future plans that it continues to come up with. The NGO intends to work with many other organizations in the world that value women living with disabilities and which are keen to change their lives. The NGO sees itself as an important organization through which women get their rights and gain freedom from the effects of gender discrimination. This enables them to take an active part in development activities. AWID is confident that through the numerous efforts of the organization, there is a bright future for women living with disabilities and other women who have suffered the negative effects of inequality and gender discrimination. The NGO is confident that with the support of governments and other willing advocacies, gender inequality wi ll be a thing of the past. Eventually, an era marked by respect for human rights for all and recognition of the fact that women can make a positive contribution towards development will emerge. Conclusion Women, disability and development are important issues that many countries take with a lot of seriousness. This is because women have been victims of gender inequality, discrimination and violation of their rights. This affects their capacity to contribute positively towards development. The situation becomes even worse for women living with disabilities since they cannot do much on their own. As a result, NGOs and advocacy organizations such as AWID have been on the forefront to fight for the rights of women and ensure that those living with disabilities get assistance. Through such organizations, women are given the chance to contribute positively towards development. References ADB. (2011). Fighting Poverty in Asia and the Pacific. Web. Chin, J. (2007). Women and leadership: tra nsforming visions and diverse voices. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Miusa. (2011). Women with Disabilities and Development. Web. Sweetman, C. (2004). Gender, development, and diversity. London: Oxfam. UN. (2008). Mainstreaming disability in the development agenda. Web. USAID. (2010). Women in Development. Web. Worldbank. (2011). Women with Disabilities in Development. Web. This essay on Women, Development and Disabilities was written and submitted by user Lilian Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.